A git repository is a content-addressable object store where objects go in indexed by the SHA1 of their content, plus a set of named references pointing at specific objects by hash. The on-disk format (loose objects as individual files, packfiles as delta-compressed archives with a separate index, a ref store split between a directory of files and a packed-refs flat file with a locking protocol that breaks on NFS) is an implementation detail. The protocol for synchronising objects and refs between repositories is what actually matters, and since git-the-program is just one implementation of it, you can swap the storage backend without clients noticing.
形式主义的背后，总能看到功利主义的影子。功利主义者将干事创业与个人利益紧密捆绑，靠搞形式主义为自己博取“名利”，追求堆砌华而不实的“政绩”来赚得政治资本。他们觉得能给自己带来最大好处、能最快见效的，就是“好”的；反之就是“坏”的或“没用”的。功利主义者心中只装着“自己”，眼中不见群众急难愁盼，故而对于那些难度较大、风险较高、解决周期较长的老大难问题，宁可拖着不办也不愿冒风险、担责任，对于群众反映强烈的歪风邪气，抱着事不关己高高挂起的态度当沉默的“绅士”，不敢也不愿为群众的事惹麻烦、得罪人。
。PDF资料是该领域的重要参考
3 Strictly speaking, the slope is continuous everywhere except for the data points themselves. ↑，这一点在体育直播中也有详细论述
Current global version baseline: 0.17.0.